none 10.31254/phyto.2026.15303 BioMed Research Publishers BioMed Research Publishers 16195 197282201 316921 20260630015746554 10.31254 2026-06-30T01:57:53Z 2026-06-30T01:57:52Z 0 The Journal of Phytopharmacology J Phytopharmacol 2320480X 10.31254/phyto https://phytopharmajournal.com/ 6 24 2026 15 3 Dhanesh Paruthi Valappil Department of Pharmacy, Sunrise University, Alwar- 301028, Rajasthan, India https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2912-1947 Ajithkumar Thiyyadil Gopalakrishnan Department of Botany, Maharajas College (Govt. Autonomous) Ernakulam- 682011, Kerala, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5392-7120 Sankarappa Kamboja Department of Pharmacognosy, The Oxford College of Pharmacy, Bangalore- 560068, Karnataka, India https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0242-7442 Background: Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet is an important medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation, respiratory disorders, wounds, ulcers, and various infectious diseases. Despite its extensive ethnomedicinal use, comparative studies evaluating the anti-inflammatory and antitubercular potential of different solvent extracts of its leaves remain limited. Objective: To evaluate the phytochemical composition, in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, and antitubercular potential of various solvent extracts of A. indicum. Materials and Methods: Dried leaves of A. indicum were successively extracted using petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, acetone, methanol, ethanol, and water in a Soxhlet apparatus. Extractive values and preliminary phytochemical profiles were determined using standard procedures. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization and protein denaturation assays at concentrations ranging from 10-100 µg/mL. Antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) was evaluated using the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA). All experiments were performed in triplicate and results were expressed as mean ± SD. Results: The aqueous extract showed the highest extractive yield (27.5%), followed by methanol (7.835%). Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, and saponins in various solvent fractions. In the HRBC membrane stabilization assay, methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extracts exhibited the highest membrane protection, recording 68.69%, 65.47%, and 64.99%, respectively, at 100 µg/mL. Similar trends were observed in the protein denaturation assay, where methanol (77.6%), aqueous (75.91%), and ethanol (72.5%) extracts demonstrated the strongest inhibitory activity. Antitubercular screening revealed significant activity among the extracts, with benzene and acetone fractions exhibiting the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1.6 and 3.12 µg/mL, respectively, followed by the aqueous extract (6.25 µg/mL). Conclusion: The results demonstrate that A. indicum possess significant anti-inflammatory and antitubercular activities, with biological activity varying according to the extraction solvent. Polar extracts exhibited superior anti-inflammatory effects, whereas benzene and acetone extracts showed the strongest antimycobacterial activity. These findings support the traditional medicinal use of A. indicum and warrant further phytochemical characterization, bioassay-guided isolation, and in vivo investigations to identify the active constituents responsible for the observed activities. 6 24 2026 219 227 1 10.31254/biomed-crossmark-policy www.biomedresearch.org false 10.31254/phyto.2026.15303 https://phytopharmajournal.com/articles/abstracts/911/year=2026&vol=15&issue=3