none 10.31254/phyto.2025.14512 BioMed Research Publishers BioMed Research Publishers 16195 188374410 316921 20260110002738208 10.31254 2026-01-10T00:27:44Z 2026-01-10T00:27:43Z 0 The Journal of Phytopharmacology J Phytopharmacol 2320480X 10.31254/phyto https://www.phytopharmajournal.com/ 11 30 2025 14 5 Manas Das JB Rajesh Payel Kar Shruti Shaurya Jashima Debbarma C Christen Kh. Thanila Rose Sherry Carelyne Marwein Ankita Debnath Elone Lucy Binipi Debbarma Mautusi Chakraborty Yashaswi Athreya Plant poisoning is emerging as a serious threat to animals as well as humans in all around the world. In India, this issue is particularly prevalent, characterized by a high incidence of poisoning cases, notably in rural regions where livestock are more frequently subjected to toxic flora. This phenomenon is frequently attributed to conventional practices that involve the utilization of phytochemical agents, in conjunction with the presence of potentially harmful plants in grazing territories. Such plants typically harbour toxic constituents including alkaloids, glycosides, oxalates, and nitrates. The impact of these toxins may vary according to the specific plant species and the amount ingested, affecting multiple organ systems and resulting in gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, cardiovascular, or neurological impairments. In extreme instances, plant poisoning may pose a life-threatening risk if not identified and addressed in a timely manner. The probability of poisoning is further exacerbated during times of fodder deficiency, when both the quality and quantity of green forage diminish, compelling animals to ingest unpalatable or deleterious plants. Delayed recognition or late initiation of treatment often results in poor prognosis and high mortality rates. However, with the increasing incidence of plant poisoning, significant advances have been made in diagnostic and management strategies. This review covers toxic plants' risks to animal health, detailing their toxic compounds, mechanisms, clinical signs, and pathological findings, as well as recent advances in diagnosis and management strategies. 11 30 2025 374 382 1 10.31254/biomed-crossmark-policy www.biomedresearch.org false 10.31254/phyto.2025.14512 https://phytopharmajournal.com/articles/abstracts/854/year=2025&vol=14&issue=5