none 10.31254/dentistry.2021.6104 BioMed Research Publishers BioMed Research Publishers 16195 129090522 314763 20210801025939904 10.31254 2021-08-01T02:59:45Z 2021-08-01T02:59:40Z 1 International Journal of Dentistry Research Int J Dentistry Res 25813218 10.31254/dentistry http://www.dentistryscience.com/ 5 15 2021 6 1 Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon Cynthia Chemaly Mireille Kallassi Faculty of Science, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon Rawad Samaran Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon Roy Abou Fadel Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon Nada Naaman Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon Carole Chakar Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon Background: Chitosan is a natural biopolymer that has gained a special interest in bone regeneration in recent years. Objective: The objective of this study is to show the bone formation obtained following a transplantation of sponges of chitosan alone, chitosan combined with chondroitin sulfate or chitosan combined with chondroitin sulfate and collagen, in rat critical calvarial bone defects. Material and Methods: 12 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 3 rats each. Critically sized bone defects were made in calvaria, and grafted by sponges of:collagen / chitosan / chondroitin (group 1), chitosan (group 2), chitosan / chondroitin sulfate (group3). Bone defects of group 4 remained empty for control. The animals were sacrificed 12 weeks after the surgery. Results: Histological analysis showed the formation of lamellar bone in the chitosan group. In the chitosan / chondroitin sulfate group, formation of a less mature bone than that of the chitosan group was also observed. However, the least bone formation was observed in the collagen / chitosan / chondroitin sulfate group. Histological sections showed the presence of fibrous tissue. The results for this group are similar to the control group. In groups 2 and 3, the materials appear completely resorbed while in group 1 the resorption of the matrix was incomplete. Conclusion: Despite the size of the sample, this study has shown that chitosan alone or in combination with chondroitin sulfate promotes bone formation. On the other hand, the combination chitosan / chondroitin sulfate / collagen showed a negative result. 5 15 2021 9 13 10.31254/dentistry.2021.6104 http://www.dentistryscience.com/IJDR_202161_04.pdf