Solid Earth Solid Earth 1869-9529 2015 6 1 F. Sodoudi A. Brüstle T. Meier R. Kind W. Friederich EGELADOS working group

02 04 2015 135 151 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 10.5194/sed-5-427-2013 10.5194/se-6-135-2015 https://se.copernicus.org/articles/6/135/2015/ https://se.copernicus.org/articles/6/135/2015/se-6-135-2015.pdf 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1996.tb05264.x Armijo, R., Meyer, B., King, G., Rigo, A., and Papanastassiou, D.: Quaternary evolution of the Corinth Rift and its applications for the late Cenozoic evolution of the Aegean, Geophys. J. Int., 126, 11–53, 1996. 10.1016/j.tecto.2011.12.037 Artemieva, I. M. and Meissner, R.: Crustal thickness controlled by plate tectonics: a review of crust-mantle interaction processes illustrated by European examples, Tectonophysics, 530–531, 18–49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.12.037, 2012. 10.1007/s10950-009-9170-2 Becker, D., Meier, T., Bohnhoff, M., and Harjes, H.-P.: Seismicity at the convergent plate boundary offshore Crete, Greece, observed by an amphibian network, J. Seismol., 14, 369–392, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-009-9170-2, 2009. 10.1029/98JB02467 Bijwaard, H., Spakman, W., and Engdahl, E.R.: Closing the gap between regional and global travel time tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 30055–30078, 1998. 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04910.x Biryol, C. B., Beck, S. L., Zandt, G., and Özacar, A. A.: Segmented African lithosphere beneath the Anatolian region inferred from teleseismic P-wave tomography, Geophys. J. Int., 184, 1037–1057, 2011. 10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00264-5 Bohnhoff, M., Makris, J., Papanikolaou, D., and Stavrakakis, G.: Crustal investigation of the Hellenic subduction zone using wide aperture seismic data, Tectonophysics, 343, 239–262, 2001. 10.1785/gssrl.75.3.352 Bohnhoff, M., Rische, M., Meier, T., Endrun, B., Harjes, H. P., and Stavrakakis, G.: CYC-NET: A temporary seismic network on the Cyclades (Aegean Sea, Greece), Seismol. Res. Lett., 75, 352–357, 2004. 10.1016/j.tecto.2006.03.024 Bohnhoff, M., Rische, M., Meier, T., Becker, D., Stavrakakis, G., and Harjes, H. P.: Microseismic activity in the Hellenic Volcanic Arc, Greece, with emphasis on the seismotectonic setting of the Santorini-Amorgos zone, Tectonophysics, 423, 17–33, 2006. 10.1038/417536a Bostock, M. G., Hyndman, D., Rondenay, S., and Peacock, S. M.: An inverted continental Moho and serpentinization of the forearc mantle, Nature, 417, 536–538, 2002. 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02565.x Bourova, E., Kassara, I., Pedersen, H. A., Yanovskaya, T., Hatzfeld, D., and Kirtazi, A.: Constraints on absolute S-wave velocities beneath the Aegean Sea from surface wave analysis, Geophys. J. Int., 160, 1006–1019, 2005. 10.1130/G30950.1 Brun, J.-P. and Sokoutis, D.: 45 m.y. of Aegean crust and mantle flow driven by trench retreat, Geology, 38, 815–818, https://doi.org/10.1130/G30950.1, 2010. Brüstle, A. : Seismicity of the eastern Hellenic Subduction Zone, PhD Thesis, Ruhr University Bochum, 2012, available at: http://www-brs.ub.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/netahtml/HSS/Diss/BruestleAndrea/diss.pdf (last access: 02 November 2012), 2012. Brüstle, A., Meier, T., Rische, M., Küperkoch, L., Friederich, W., and the EGELADOS working group: Seismicity of the eastern Hellenic Subduction Zone between 2002 and 2007 observed by temporary networks, in preparation, 2014. Chamot-Rooke N., Rangin, C., Le Pichon, X., and Dotmed Working Group: DOTMED – Deep Offshore Tectonics of the Mediterranean: A synthesis of deep marine data in eastern Mediterranean, Mémoire de la Société géologique de France &amp; American Association of Petroleum Geologists, numéro spécial, 177, 64 pp., 9 maps with cd-rom, 2005. 10.1029/2009JB007204 Chang, S.-J., van der Lee, S., Flanagan, M. P., Bedle, H., Marone, F., Matzel, E. M., Pasyanos, M. E., Rodgers, A. J., Romanowicz, B., and Schmid, C.: Joint inversion for three-dimensional S velocity mantle structure along the Tethyan margin, J. Geophys. Res., 115, B08309, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB007204, 2010. 10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00185-5 Cocard, A., Kahle, H.-G., Peter, Y., Geiger, A., Veis, G., Felekis, S., Paradissis, D., and Billiris, H: New constraints on the rapid crustal motion of the Aegean region: recent results inferred from GPS measurements (1993–1998) across the West Hellenic Arc, Greece, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 172, 39–47, 1999. 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1990.tb06579.x DeMets, C., Gordon, R. G., Argus, D. F., and Stein, S.: Current plate motions, Geophys. J. Int., 101, 425–478, 1990. 10.1016/0040-1951(86)90199-X Dercourt, J., Zonenshain, L. P., Ricou, L.-E., Kazmin, V. G., Le Pichon, X., Knipper, A. L., Grandjacquet, C., Sbortshikov, I. M., Geyssant, J., Lepvrier, C., Pechersky, D. H., Boulin, J., Sibuet, J.-C., Savostin, L. A., Sorokhtin, O., Westphal, M., Bazhenov, M. L., Lauer, J. P., Biju-Duval, B.: Geological evolution of the Thetys belt from the Atlantic to the Pamirs since the Lias, Tectonophysics, 123, 241–315, 1986. Drakatos, G., Karantonis, G., and Stavrakakis, G. N.: P-wave crustal tomography of Greece with use of an accurate two-point ray tracer, Ann. Geofis., 1, 25–36, 1997. 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02332.x Endrun, B., Meier, T., Bischoff, M., and Harjes, H. P.: Lithospheric structure in the area of Crete constrained by receiver functions and dispersion analysis of Rayleigh phase velocities, Geophys. J. Int., 158, 592–608, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02332.x, 2004. 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03802.x Endrun, B., Meier, T., Lebedev, S., Bohnhoff, M., Stavrakakis, G., and Harjes, H. P.: S velocity structure and radial anisotropy in the Aegean region from surface wave dispersion, Geophys. J. Int., 174, 593–616, 2008. 10.1038/ngeo1065 Endrun, B., Lebedev, S., Meier, T., Tirel, C., and Friederich, W.: Complex layered deformation within the Aegean crust and mantle revealed by seismic anisotropy, Nat. Geosci., 4, 203–207, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1065, 2011. 10.1785/BSSA0880030722 Engdahl, E. R., Van Der Hilst, R. D., and Buland, R.: Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved travel times and procedures for depth relocation, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 88, 722–743, 1998. 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.046 Faccenna, C., Bellier, O., Martinod, J., Piromallo, C., and Regard, V.: Slab detachment beneath eastern Anatolia: A possible cause for the formation of the North Anatolian fault, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 242, 85–97, 2006. 10.1029/2007JB005382 Forster, M. and Lister, G.: Core-complex-related extension of the Aegean lithosphere initiated at the Eocene-Oligocene transition, J. Geophys. Res., 114, B02401, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005382, 2009. 10.1016/0040-1951(88)90270-3 Gealey, W. K.: Plate tectonic evolution of the Mediterranean-Middle East region, Tectonophysics, 155, 285–306, 1988. 10.1029/2011GL048996 Gesret, A., Laigle, M., Diaz, J., Sachpazi, M., Charalampakis, M., and Hirn, A.: Slab top dips resolved by teleseismic converted waves in the Hellenic subduction zone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L20304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048996, 2011. 10.1016/0012-821X(92)90224-J Hatzfeld, D. and Martin, C.: The Aegean intermediate seismicity defined by ISC data, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 113, 267–275, 1992. 10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00116-3 Hirn, A., Sachpazi, M., Siliqi, R., McBride, J., Marnelis, F., and Cernobori, L., and the STREAMERS-PROFILES group: A traverse of the Ionian islands front with coincident normal incidence and wide-angle seismics, Tectonophysics, 264, 35–49, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00116-3, 1996. 10.1007/s00531-008-0366-4 Jolivet, L. and Brun, J.-P.: Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of the Aegean, Int. J. Earth Sci., 99, 109–138, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-008-0366-4, 2010. 10.1029/1999GL900403 Kahle, H. G., Cocard, M., Peter, Y., Geiger, A., Reilinger, R., McClusky, S., King, R., Barka, A., and Veis, G.: The GPS strain rate field in the Aegean Sea and western Anatolia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2513–16, 1999. 10.1093/gji/ggt100 Karabulut, H., Paul, A., Ergün, T. A., Hatzfeld, S., Childs, D. M., and Aktar, M.: Long-wavelength undulations of the seismic Moho beneath the strongly stretched Western Anatolia, Geophys. J. Int., 194, 450–464, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt100, 2013. 10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00424-9 Karagianni, E. E., Pabagiotopoulos, D. G., Panza, G. F., Suhadolc, P., Papazachos, C. B., Papazachos, B. C., Kirtazi, A., Hatzfeld, D., Makropoulos, K., Priestley, K., and Vuan, A.: Rayleigh wave group velocity tomography in the Aegean area, Tectonophysics, 358, 187–209, 2002. 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1991.tb06724.x Kennett, B. L. N. and Engdahl, E. R.: Travel times for global earthquake location and phase identification, Geophys. J. Int., 105, 429–465, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1991.tb06724.x, 1991. 10.1029/2003GL018019 Keskin, M.: Magma generation by slab steepening and breakoff beneath a subduction-accretion complex: an alternative model for collision-related volcanism in eastern Anatolia, Turkey, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 8046, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018019, 2003. Kind, R. and Vinnik, L. P.: The upper mantle discontinuities underneath the GRF array from P-to-S converted phases, J. Geophys., 62, 138–147, 1988. 10.1126/science.1078115 Kind, R., Yuan, X., Saul, J., Nelson, D., Sobolev, S.V., Mechie, J., Zhao, W., Kosarev, G., Ni, J., Achauer, U., and Jiang, M.: Seismic images of crust and upper mantle beneath Tibet: evidence for Eurasian plate subduction, Science, 298, 1219–1221, 2002. 10.4401/ag-3697 Knapmeyer, M.: Geometry of the Aegean Benioff zones, Annali di Geofisica, 42, 27–38, 1999. 10.1046/j.1365-246x.2000.00197.x Knapmeyer, M. and Harjes, H. -P.: Imaging crustal discontinuities and the down-going slab beneath western Crete, Geophys. J. Int., 143, 1–21, 2000. 10.1126/science.283.5406.1306 Kosarev, G., Kind, R., Sobolev, S. V., Yuan, X., Hanka, W., and Oreshin, S.: Seismic evidence for a detached Indian lithosphere mantle beneath Tibet, Science, 283, 1306–1309, 1999. Langston, C. A.: The effect of planar dipping structure on source and receiver responses for constant ray parameter, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 67, 1029–1050, 1977. 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05613.x Legendre, C., Meier, T., Lebedev, S., Friederich, W., and Viereck-Götte, L.: A shear-wave velocity model for the European upper mantle from automated inversion of seismic shear and surface waveforms, Geophys. J. Int., 191, 282–304, 2012. 10.1029/95JB00317 Le Pichon, X., Chamot-Rooke, N., and Lallemant, S.: Geodetic determination of the kinematics of central Greece with respect to Europe: Implications for eastern Mediterranean tectonics, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 12675–12690, 1995. 10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.02100.x Li, X., Bock, G., Vafidis, A., Kind, R., Harjes, H. -P., Hanka, W., Wylegalla, K., Van der Meijde, M., and Yuan, X.: Receiver function study of the Hellenic subduction zone: imaging crustal thickness variations and the oceanic Moho of the descending African lithosphere, Geophys. J. Int., 155, 733–748, 2003. 10.1016/0040-1951(78)90207-X Makris, J.: The crust and upper mantle of the Aegean region from deep seismic soundings, Tectonophysics, 46, 269–284, 1978. Makris, J. and Vees, R.: Crustal structure of the central Aegean Sea and the islands of Evia and Crete, Greece, obtained by refractional seismic experiments, J. Geophys., 42, 330–341, 1977. 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02305.x Marone, F., Van der Lee, S., and Giardini, D.: Three-dimensional upper mantle S-velocity model for the Eurasia-Africa plate boundary region, Geophys. J. Int., 158, 109–130, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02305.x, 2004. 10.1016/0025-3227(90)90060-W Mascle, J. and Martin, L.: Shallow structure and recent evolution of the Aegean Sea: A synthesis based on continuous reflection profiles, Mar. Geol., 94, 271–299, 1990. 10.1007/s003670050056 Mascle, J. and Chaumillon, E.: An overview of Mediterranean Ridge collisional accretionary complex as deduced from multichannel seismic data, Geo Mar. Lett., 18, 81–89, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003670050056, 1998. 10.1029/1996JB900351 McClusky, S., Balassanian, S., Barka, A., Demir, C., Ergintav, S., Georgiev, I., Gurkan, O., Hamburger, M., Hurst, K., Kahle, H., Kastens, K., Kekelidze G., King, R., Kotzev, V., Lenk, O., Mahmoud, S., Mishin, A., Nadariya, M., Ouzounis, A., Paradissis, D., Peter, Y., Prilepin, M., Reilinger, R., Sanli, I., Seeger, H., Tealeb, A., Toksöz, M. N., Veis, G.: Global Positioning System constrains on plate kinematics and dynamics in the eastern Mediterranean and Caucasus, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 5695–5719, 2000. 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1972.tb02351.x McKenzie, D.: Active tectonics of the Mediterranean region, Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. S., 30, 109–185, 1972. 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1978.tb04759.x McKenzie, D.: Active tectonics of the Alpine–Himalayan belt: the Aegean Sea and surrounding regions, Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. S., 55, 217–254, 1978. 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02121.x Meier, T., Dietrich, K., Stöckhert, B., and Harjes, H. P.: 1-dimensional models of the shear-wave velocity for the eastern Mediterranean obtained from the inversion of Rayleigh wave phase velocities and tectonic implications, Geophys. J. Int., 156, 45–58, 2004. 10.1144/SP291.9 Meier, T., Becker, D., Endrun, B., Rische, M., Bohnhoff, M., Stöckhert, B., and Harjes, H. P.: A model for the Hellenic subduction zone in the area of Crete based on seismological investigations, in: The Geodynamics of the Aegean and Anatolia, edited by: Taymaz, T., Yilmaz, Y., and Dilek, Y., Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 291, 183–199, 2007. 10.1029/JB089iB09p07783 Owens, T. J., Zandt, G., and Taylor, S. R.: Seismic evidence for an ancient rift beneath the Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee: A detailed analysis of broadband teleseismic P waveforms, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 7783–7795, 1984. 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.05.025 Özbakir, A. D., Sengör, A. M. C., Wortel, M. J. R., and Govers, R.: The Pliny–Strabo trench region: A large shear zone resulting from slab tearing, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 375, 188–195, 2013. 10.1029/JB076i035p08517 Papazachos, B. C. and Comninakis, P. E.: Geophysical and tectonic features of the Aegean arc, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 8517–8533, 1971. 10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00299-1 Papazachos, B. C., Karakostas, V. G., Papazachos, C. B., and Scordilis, E. M.: The geometry of the Wadati-Benioff zone and lithospheric kinematics in the Hellenic arc, Tectonophysics, 319, 275–300, 2000. 10.1029/96JB03730 Papazachos, C. and Nolet, G.: P and S deep velocity structure of the Hellenic area obtained by robust nonlinear inversion of travel times, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 8349–8367, 1997. 10.1029/2011JB009023 Pearce, F. D., Rondenay, S., Schapazi, M., Charalampakis, M., and Royden, L. H.: Seismic investigation of the transition from continental to oceanic subduction along the western Hellenic Subduction Zone, J. Geophys. Res., 117, B07306, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB009023, 2012. 10.1029/2002JB001757 Piromallo, C. and Morelli, A.: P wave tomography of the mantle under the Alpine-Mediterranean area, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 2065, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JB001757, 2003. 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.05.027 Reilinger, R., McClusky, S., Paradissis, D., Ergintav, S., and Vernant, P.: Geodetic constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Aegean region and strain accumulation along the Hellenic subduction zone, Tectonophysics, 488, 22–30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.05.027, 2010. 10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00300-5 Sachpazi, M., Hirn, A., Clément, C., Haslinger, F., Laigle, M., Kissling, E., Charvis, P., Hello, Y., Lépine, J.-C., Sapin, M., and Ansorge, J.: Western Hellenic subduction and Cephalonia Transform: local earthquakes and plate transport and strain, Tectonophysics, 319, 301–319, 2000. 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02381.x Schmid, C., Van Der Lee, S., and Giardini, D.: Delay times and shear wave splitting in the Mediterranean region, Geophys. J. Int., 159, 275–290, 2004. 10.1016/j.cageo.2005.08.008 Snopek, K. and Casten, U.: 3GRAINS: 3-D Gravity Interpretation Software and its application to density modeling of the Hellenic subduction zone, Comput. Geosci., 32, 592–603, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.08.008, 2006. 10.1029/2005JB003932 Sodoudi, F., Kind, R., Hatzfeld, D., Priestley, K., Hanka, W., Wylegalla, K., Stavrakakis, G., Vafidis, A., Harjes, H. P., and Bohnhoff, M.: Lithospheric structure of the Aegean obtained from P and S receiver functions, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B12307, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003932, 2006. 10.1029/2010JB007829 Sodoudi, F., Yuan, X., Asch, G., and Kind, R.: High-resolution image of the geometry and thickness of the subducting Nazca lithosphere beneath northern Chile, J. Geophys. Res., 116, B04302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007829, 2011. 10.1029/GL015i001p00060 Spakman, W., Wortel, M. J. R., and Vlaar N. S.: The Hellenic subduction zone: A tomographic image and its geodynamical implications, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 60–63, 1988. 10.1016/0031-9201(93)90142-V Spakman, W., Van der Lee, S., and Van der Hilst R. D.: Travel time tomography of the European-Mediterranean mantle down to 1400 km, Phys. Earth Planet. In., 79, 3–73, 1993. 10.1007/978-3-642-18919-7_3 Stampfli, G. M. and Borel, G. D.: The transmed transect in space and time: Constraints on the paleotectonic evolution of the mediterranean domain, in: The TRANSMED Atlas: the Mediterranean Region from Crust to Mantle, edited by: Cavazza, W., Roure, F., Spakman, W., Stampfli, G. M., and Ziegler, 53–80, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2004. 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04170.x Suckale, J., Rondenay, S., Sachpazi, M., Charalampakis, M., Hosa, A., and Royden, L. H.: High-resolution seismic imaging of the western Hellenic subduction zone using teleseismic scattered waves, Geophys. J. Int., 178, 775–791, 2009. 10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0259:TOTHPM>2.3.CO;2 Thomson, S.N., Stöckhert, N., and Brix, M.R.: Thermochronology of the high-pressure metamorphic rocks of Crete, Greece: implications for the speed of tectonic processes, Geology, 26, 259–262, 1998. 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.10.023 Tirel, C., Gueydan, F., Tiberi, C., and Brun, J. -P.: Aegean crustal thickness inferred from gravity inversion, Geodynamical implications, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 228, 267–280, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.10.023, 2004. 10.1093/gji/ggs107 Vanacore, E. A., Taymaz, T., and Saygin, E.: Moho structure of the Anatolian Plate from receiver function analysis, Geophys. J. Int., 193, 329–337, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggs107, 2013. 10.1130/G20878.1 Van Hinsbergen, D. J. J., Hafkenscheid, E., Spakman, W., Meulenkamp, J. E., and Wortel, R.: Nappe stacking resulting from subduction of oceanic and continental lithosphere below Greece, Geology, 33, 325–328, 2005. 10.1029/2004JB003238 Wagner, L. S., Beck, S., and Zandt, G.: Upper mantle structure in the south central Chilean subduction zone (30° to 36° S), J. Geophys. Res., 110, B01308, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003238, 2005. 10.1126/science.290.5498.1910 Wortel, R. and Spakman, W.: Subduction and slab detachment in the Mediterranean-Carpathian region, Science, 290, 1910–1917, 2000. 10.1029/97JB02379 Yuan X., Ni, J., Kind, R., Mechie, J., and Sandvol, E.: Lithospheric and upper mantle structure of southern Tibet from a seismological passive source experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 491–500, 1997. 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<1003:CATOTS>2.3.CO;2 Zandt, G., Velasco, A. A., and Beck, S. L.: Composition and thickness of the southern Altiplano crust, Bolivia, Geology, 22, 1003–1006, 1994. 10.1029/2005JB003724 Zheng, Y. and Lay, T.: Low Vp $/$ Vs ratios in the crust and upper mantle beneath the Sea of Okhotsk inferred from teleseismic pMP, sMP, and sMS underside reflections from the Moho, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B01305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003724, 2006. 10.1029/1999JB900322 Zhu, L. and Kanamori, H.: Moho depth variation in southern California from teleseismic receiver functions, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 2890–2969, 2000. 10.1029/2005JB003770 Zhu, L., Mitchell, B. J., Akyol, N., Cemen, I., and Kekovali, K.: Crustal thickness variations in the Aegean region and implications for the extension of continental crust, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B01301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003770, 2006.