Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13640321 05 2015 45 C Alberto Varone https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6135-1029 Michele Ferrari 05 2015 207 218 S1364032115000593 S1364032115000593 10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy elsevier.com sciencedirect.com true Elsevier Power to liquid and power to gas: An option for the German Energiewende Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.01.049 article Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ https://www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license 10.1016/j.rser.2015.01.049 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032115000593 https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1364032115000593?httpAccept=text/xml https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1364032115000593?httpAccept=text/plain https://dul.usage.elsevier.com/doi/ International Energy Agency, CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, 〈http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CO2EmissionsFromFuelCombustionHighlights2013.pdf〉; 2013. International Energy Agency, World energy outlook, 〈http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/publications/weo-2012/〉; 2012. World Energy Council, Global transport scenarios 2050, 〈http://www.worldenergy.org/documents/wec_transport_scenarios_2050.pdf〉; 2011. Intergovernmental panel for climate change, IPCC WGIII AR5, mitigation of climate change, Chapter 7: “Energy Systems”, 〈http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/〉; 2014. Key Elements of an Integrated Energy and Climate Programme, 〈http://www.bmub.bund.de/fileadmin/bmu-import/files/english/pdf/application/pdf/klimapaket_aug2007_en.pdf〉. Energiekonzept für eine umweltschonende, zuverlässige und bezahlbare Energieversorgung. Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie (BMWi) und Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (BMU), Berlin; 2011 Wege zur 100% erneuerbaren Stromversorgung. Sondergutachten, SRU (2011), 〈http://www.die-klima-allianz.de/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/2011_Sondergutachten_100Prozent_Erneuerbare_SRU.pdf〉; (2011). Energiesystem Deutschland 2050, Frauhnofer Institut für Solare Esergiesysteme ISE, 〈http://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/veroeffentlichungen-pdf-dateien/studien-und-konzeptpapiere/studie-energiesystem-deutschland-2050.pdf〉. Energy Policy Schmid 61 1151 2013 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.06.105 Renewable electricity generation in Germany: a meta-analysis of mitigation scenarios Energy Econ Edenhofer 40 1 12 2013 10.1016/j.eneco.2013.09.015 On the economics of renewable energy sources Energy Ludig 36 6674 2011 10.1016/j.energy.2011.08.021 Fluctuating renewables in a long-term climate change mitigation strategy Energy Policy Pregger 59 350 2013 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.03.049 Long-term scenarios and strategies for the deployment of renewable energies in Germany Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev Henning 30 1003 2014 10.1016/j.rser.2013.09.012 A comprehensive model for the German electricity and heat sector in a future energy system with a dominant contribution from renewable energy technologies—Part I: Methodology Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev Scholz 35 109 2014 10.1016/j.rser.2014.03.053 Considerations on providing the energy needs using exclusively renewable sources: Energiewende in Germany Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev Leung 39 426 2014 10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.093 An overview of current status of carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies J Spec Top Lackner 176 93 2009 10.1140/epjst/e2009-01150-3 Capture of carbon dioxide from ambient air. Eur. Phys Philos Trans R Soc, Math Phys Eng Sci Zeman 366 3901 2008 Carbon neutral hydrocarbons Rubbia 465 2012 Recarbonization of the biosphere—ecosystems and the global carbon cycle Transforming carbon dioxide from a liability into an asset Energy Environ Sci Markewitz 5 7281 2012 10.1039/c2ee03403d Worldwide innovations in the development of carbon capture technologies and the utilization of CO2 Aresta 2010 Carbon dioxide as chemical feedstocks Centi G, Perathoner S, Passalacqua R, Ampelli C. In: Muradov NZ, Veziroglu TN editors. Carbon-neutral fuels and energy carriers; 2012.p. 291–323. IPCC, Special report on carbon dioxide capture and storage prepared by Working Group III of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Metz B, Davidson OH, de Coninck C, Loos M and Meyer LA, editors. Cambridge University Press, New York; 2005 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.01.154 Pleßmann G, Erdmann M, Hlusiak M, Breyer M. Global energy storage demand for a 100% renewable electricity supply. Eighth international renewable energy storage conference and exhibition, IRES 2013, Energy Procedia; 2014.46:22–31. 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.01.180 Jentsch M, Trost T, Sterner M. Optimal use of power-to- gas energy storage systems in an 85% renewable energy scenario. In: Eighth international renewable energy storage conference and exhibition, IRES 2013, Energy Procedia; 2014. 46:254–261. J CO2 Utilization Hu 1 18 2013 10.1016/j.jcou.2013.03.004 electrochemical, and photochemical conversion of CO2 to fuels and value-added products Sustainable synthetic fuels, IASS fact sheet 1/2014, doi:10.2312/iass.2014.006 〈http://www.iass-potsdam.de/sites/default/files/files/fact_sheet_sustainable_synthetic_fuels_1.pdf〉. Chem Soc Rev von der Assen 2013 Life cycle assessment of CO2 capture and utilization: a tutorial review Olah 2009 Beyond oil and gas: the methanol economy Angew Chem Int Ed Olah 44 18 2636 2005 10.1002/anie.200462121 Beyond oil and gas: the methanol economy Science Behrens 336 893 2012 10.1126/science.1219831 The active site of methanol synthesis over Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 industrial catalysts, Catal Today Pontzen 172 1 242 2011 10.1016/j.cattod.2011.04.049 CO2-based methanol and DME—efficient technologies for industrial scale production Energy Fuels Scheffe 26 3 1928 2012 10.1021/ef201875v Thermodynamic analysis of cerium-based oxides for solar thermochemical fuel production FP7-285098, Solar chemical reactor demonstration and optimization for long-term availability, 〈http://www.solar-jet.aero/〉. Bromberg L, Cheng WK. Methanol as an alternative transportation fuel in the US: options for sustainable and/or energy-secure transportation. PSFC/RR-10-12; 2010. 10.4271/2009-01-2764 Pearson R, Turner J, Eisaman M, Littau K. Extending the supply of alcohol Fuels for energy security and carbon reduction. SAE technical paper 2009-01-2764; 2009. Bandi 2006 Subvolume C: renewable energy Renewable carbon-based transportation fuels in Landolt–Bornstein, energy technologies Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev Yang 40 1133 2014 10.1016/j.rser.2014.08.008 Progress and perspectives in converting biogas to transportation fuels PROMSUS workshop, production of methanol sustainably and related engine technology, 〈http://marinemethanol.com/publications/category/5-promsus-workshop〉; May 2014. Volvo trucks, 〈http://www.volvotrucks.com/TRUCKS/NA/EN-US/PRODUCTS/ALTERNATIVEFUELS/CNG/Pages/DME.aspx〉. IASS workshop report, Sustainable fuels from renewable energies, 〈http://www.iass-potsdam.de/sites/default/files/files/workshop_report_sustainble_fuels.pdf〉; 2013. Biedermann P, Grube T, Höhlein B. Methanol as an energy carrier, Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie technik/Energy Technology, Band/vol. 55; 2006. Energy Becker 47 99 2012 10.1016/j.energy.2012.08.047 Production of Fischer–Tropsch liquid fuels from high temperature solid oxide co-electrolysis units Int J Hydrogen Energy O’Brien 34 4216 2009 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.12.021 Parametric study of large-scale production of syngas via high-temperature co-electrolysis, US Patent Appl. 2007/0244208A1, Shulenberger AM, Jonsson FR, Ingolfsson O and Tran KC, process for producing liquid fuel from carbon dioxide and water; 2007. Int J Hydrogen Energy Gahleitner 38 5 2039 2013 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.12.010 Hydrogen from renewable electricity: an international review of power-to-gas pilot plants for stationary applications Energy target 2050: 100% renewable electricity supply, UBA, 〈http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/publikation/add/3997-0.pdf〉; 2010. Germany 2050—a greenhouse gas-neutral country, UBA, 〈http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/germany-2050-a-greenhouse-gas-neutral-country〉; 2013. Treibhausgasneutrales Deutschland im Jahr 2050—Studie, UBA, 〈http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/treibhausgasneutrales-deutschland-im-jahr-2050-0〉; 2014. Int J Hydrogen Energy O’Brien 35 4804 2010 High-temperature electrolysis for large-scale hydrogen and syngas production from nuclear energy—summary of system simulation and economic analyses Chem Eng J Ng 219 96 2013 10.1016/j.cej.2012.12.082 Techno-economic analysis of polygeneration systems with carbon capture and storage and CO2 reuse Chem Eng Trans Van-Dal 29 463 2012 CO2 abatement through a methanol production process Fuel Process Technol Häggström 94 1 10 2012 10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.09.019 Catalytic methanol synthesis via black liquor gasification Environ Prog Sustainable Energy Landälv 33 744 2014 10.1002/ep.11993 Two years experience of the BioDME project—a complete wood to wheel concept Hansen vol. 4 1997 Fuel Li 108 112 2013 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.08.022 A review of research progress on CO2 capture, storage, and utilization in Chinese Academy of Sciences ChemSusChem Yu 1 893 2008 10.1002/cssc.200800169 Recent advances in CO2 capture and utilization Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev Agrafiotis 42 254 2015 10.1016/j.rser.2014.09.039 A review on solar thermal syngas production via redox pair-based water/carbon dioxide splitting thermochemical cycles Int J Hydrogen Energy Jensen 35 9544 2010 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.06.065 Hydrogen and synthetic fuel production using pressurized solid oxide electrolysis cells Int J Hydrogen Energy Jensen 32 3253 2007 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.04.042 Hydrogen and synthetic fuel production from renewable energy sources Energy Environ Sci Fu 3 1382 2010 10.1039/c0ee00092b Syngas production via high-temperature steam/CO2 co-electrolysis: an economic assessment Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev Graves 15 1 2011 10.1016/j.rser.2010.07.014 Sustainable hydrocarbon fuels by recycling CO2 and H2O with renewable or nuclear energy Graves C, Recycling CO2 into sustainable hydrocarbon fuels: electrolysis of CO2 and H2O. PhD thesis; 2010. Energy Hong 34 1332 2009 10.1016/j.energy.2009.05.015 Analysis of oxy-fuel combustion power cycle utilizing a pressurized coal combustor Burchhardt U et al. Update on Vattenfall’s 30MWth oxy-fuel pilot plant in Schwarze Pumpe. Energy Procedia Strömberg 1 581 2009 European network of transmission system operators for electricity 〈https://www.entsoe.eu/〉. Zahlen und Fakten Energiedaten, Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) 〈http://www.bmwi.de/DE/Themen/Energie/energiedaten.html〉. 50Hertz 〈http://www.50hertz.com〉 Tennet 〈http://www.tennettso.de/〉 Amprion 〈http://www.amprion.net/〉 TransnetBW http://www.transnetbw.de/. Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), 〈http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/overview.php〉. Int J Hydrogen Energy Mignard 28 4 455 2003 10.1016/S0360-3199(02)00082-4 Methanol synthesis from flue-gas CO2 and renewable electricity: a feasibility study Energinet.dk, planSOEC, R&D and commercialization roadmap for SOEC electrolysis, R&D of SOEC stacks with improved durability, Project report, ForskEL2010, 2010-1-10432, 〈http://www.hydrogenlink.net/download/reports/planSOEC-Report-May2011-FINAL.pdf〉; May 2011. Sterner 2009 Bioenergy and renewable power methane in integrated 100% renewable energy systems Energinet.dk, Technology Data for Energy Plants, ISBNwww: 978-87-7844-931-3, 〈http://www.energinet.dk/SiteCollectionDocuments/Danske%20dokumenter/Forskning/Technology_data_for_energy_plants.pdf〉; May 2012. Hermann H, Emele L, Loreck C. Prüfung der klimapolitischen Konsis-tenz und der Kosten von Methanisie-rungsstrategien, ÖkoiInstitut e.V., Berlin, 〈http://www.oeko.de/oekodoc/2005/2014-021-de.pdf〉; March 2014. SunFire GmbH, 〈http://www.sunfire.de/wp-content/uploads/SFI017-Produktkatalog-RZ-04012013-Doppelseiten.pdf〉. Energinet.dk, Biogas-SOEC, Electrochemical upgrading of biogas to pipeline quality by means of SOEC electrolysis, ForskNG. Project no. 10677. 〈http://www.energinet.dk/SiteCollectionDocuments/Danske%20dokumenter/Forskning%20-%20PSO-projekter/10677%20Biogas-SOEC%20Final%20Report.pdf〉; 2011. Methanex 〈http://www.methanex.com/〉 (all the web references have been checked on 06.11.2014).