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          <full_title>Geophysical Research Letters</full_title>
          <abbrev_title>Geophysical Research Letters</abbrev_title>
          <issn media_type="print">0094-8276</issn>
          <issn media_type="electronic">1944-8007</issn>
        </journal_metadata>
        <journal_issue>
          <publication_date media_type="print">
            <month>03</month>
            <day>28</day>
            <year>2016</year>
          </publication_date>
          <journal_volume>
            <volume>43</volume>
          </journal_volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <doi_data>
            <doi>10.1002/grl.v43.6</doi>
            <resource>https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/19448007/43/6</resource>
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        <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
          <titles>
            <title>Seismic shear waves as Foucault pendulum</title>
          </titles>
          <contributors>
            <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="first">
              <given_name>Roel</given_name>
              <surname>Snieder</surname>
              <affiliation>Center for Wave Phenomena Colorado School of Mines  Golden Colorado USA</affiliation>
              <affiliation>GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences  Potsdam Germany</affiliation>
            </person_name>
            <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
              <given_name>Christoph</given_name>
              <surname>Sens‐Schönfelder</surname>
              <affiliation>GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences  Potsdam Germany</affiliation>
            </person_name>
            <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
              <given_name>Elmer</given_name>
              <surname>Ruigrok</surname>
              <affiliation>Department of Earth Sciences Utrecht University  Utrecht Netherlands</affiliation>
              <affiliation>R&amp;amp;D Seismology and Acoustics Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI)  De Bilt Netherlands</affiliation>
            </person_name>
            <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
              <given_name>Katsuhiko</given_name>
              <surname>Shiomi</surname>
              <affiliation>National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention  Tsukuba Japan</affiliation>
            </person_name>
          </contributors>
          <abstract abstract-type="main">
            <title>Abstract</title>
            <p>
              Earth's rotation causes splitting of normal modes. Wave fronts and rays are, however, not affected by Earth's rotation, as we show theoretically and with observations made with USArray. We derive that the Coriolis force causes a small transverse component for
              <italic>P</italic>
              waves and a small longitudinal component for
              <italic>S</italic>
              waves. More importantly, Earth's rotation leads to a slow rotation of the transverse polarization of
              <italic>S</italic>
              waves; during the propagation of
              <italic>S</italic>
              waves the particle motion behaves just like a Foucault pendulum. The polarization plane of shear waves counteracts Earth's rotation and rotates clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. The rotation rate is independent of the wave frequency and is purely geometric, like the Berry phase. Using the polarization of
              <italic>S</italic>
              <italic>c</italic>
              <italic>S</italic>
              and
              <italic>S</italic>
              <italic>c</italic>
              <italic>S</italic>
              2 waves, we show that the Foucault‐like rotation of the
              <italic>S</italic>
              wave polarization can be observed. This can affect the determination of source mechanisms and the interpretation of observed
              <italic>S</italic>
              <italic>K</italic>
              <italic>S</italic>
              splitting.
            </p>
          </abstract>
          <abstract abstract-type="short">
            <title>Key Points</title>
            <p>
              <list list-type="bullet">
                <list-item>
                  <p>Rays of seismic waves are not affected by Earth's rotation</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>
                    The polarization of
                    <italic>S</italic>
                    waves rotates in the same way as a Foucault pendulum
                  </p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>
                    The rotation of the
                    <italic>S</italic>
                    wave polarization is a manifestation of the Berry phase
                  </p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </p>
          </abstract>
          <publication_date media_type="online">
            <month>03</month>
            <day>29</day>
            <year>2016</year>
          </publication_date>
          <publication_date media_type="print">
            <month>03</month>
            <day>28</day>
            <year>2016</year>
          </publication_date>
          <pages>
            <first_page>2576</first_page>
            <last_page>2581</last_page>
          </pages>
          <publisher_item>
            <identifier id_type="doi">10.1002/2015GL067598</identifier>
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            <archive name="Portico" />
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          <program name="fundref">
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              <assertion name="funder_name">
                Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
                <assertion name="funder_identifier" provider="crossref">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005156</assertion>
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