none 10.31254/phyto.2025.14305 BioMed Research Publishers BioMed Research Publishers 16195 182218942 316921 20250913111828153 10.31254 2025-09-13T11:18:36Z 2025-09-13T11:18:34Z 0 The Journal of Phytopharmacology J Phytopharmacol 2320480X 10.31254/phyto https://phytopharmajournal.com/ 07 31 2025 14 3 N Eluehike Ikponmwosa Eweka IO Onoagbe Background: Spondias mombin leaf is a medicinal plant used in the treatment and management of various disease conditions. However, there are limited reports on its toxicity effects. Objectives: The present study evaluated the acute and sub chronic toxicity effects of aqueous and ethanol extract of Spondias mombin leaves. Materials and Methods: For the first phase of the acute toxicity study, 18 male wistar rats grouped into three were administered single doses of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg body weights of the extracts respectively, they were observed for 24 h for signs of toxicity. In the second phase, six rats were grouped into three consisting of one rat each and they received extracts of doses 1600, 2900 and 5000 mg/kg body weight orally then observed for 24 h for behavioral changes as well as mortality. For the sub chronic studies 60 male wistar rats arranged into six groups each for both extracts consisting of the control group and the varying doses (200, 500, 1000, 3000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight) groups. They were administered extracts for 28 days. Blood samples collected were used to determine the hepatic, renal, cardiac and hematological changes. Also, histopathological analysis was determined on the liver, heart and kidneys of the animals. Results: The result of acute toxicity study revealed no mortality neither was any physiological or behavioral changes observed. Sub chronic studies showed non-significant changes in the renal and cardiac parameters, significant (p≤0.05) increase in the red blood cell, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration at the higher doses treated with both extracts and significant alterations of some hepatic parameters at the lower doses. Mild to normal histological changes were observed in the liver, heart and kidney tissues of the extracts treated rats. Conclusion: The study has therefore shown that aqueous and ethanol extracts of Spondias mombin leaf orally did not cause abnormal alterations in the blood parameters but resulted in slight histological alterations to the tissues; as a result, care must be used while using this plant's extracts. 07 31 2025 155 164 1 10.31254/biomed-crossmark-policy www.biomedresearch.org false 10.31254/phyto.2025.14305 https://phytopharmajournal.com/articles/abstracts/818/year=2025&vol=14&issue=3