<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<crossref_result xmlns="http://www.crossref.org/qrschema/3.0" version="3.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.crossref.org/qrschema/3.0 http://www.crossref.org/schemas/crossref_query_output3.0.xsd">
  <query_result>
    <head>
      <doi_batch_id>none</doi_batch_id>
    </head>
    <body>
      <query status="resolved">
        <doi type="journal_article">10.1215/00318108-10294409</doi>
        <crm-item name="publisher-name" type="string">Duke University Press</crm-item>
        <crm-item name="prefix-name" type="string">Duke University Press</crm-item>
        <crm-item name="member-id" type="number">73</crm-item>
        <crm-item name="citation-id" type="number">148265862</crm-item>
        <crm-item name="journal-id" type="number">59350</crm-item>
        <crm-item name="deposit-timestamp" type="number">2023053020154412700</crm-item>
        <crm-item name="owner-prefix" type="string">10.1215</crm-item>
        <crm-item name="last-update" type="date">2023-12-14T12:34:24Z</crm-item>
        <crm-item name="created" type="date">2023-05-30T20:16:04Z</crm-item>
        <crm-item name="citedby-count" type="number">11</crm-item>
        <doi_record>
          <crossref xmlns="http://www.crossref.org/xschema/1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.crossref.org/xschema/1.1 http://doi.crossref.org/schemas/unixref1.1.xsd">
            <journal>
              <journal_metadata language="en">
                <full_title>Philosophical Review</full_title>
                <issn media_type="print">0031-8108</issn>
                <issn media_type="electronic">1558-1470</issn>
              </journal_metadata>
              <journal_issue>
                <publication_date media_type="print">
                  <month>04</month>
                  <day>1</day>
                  <year>2023</year>
                </publication_date>
                <publication_date media_type="online">
                  <month>04</month>
                  <day>1</day>
                  <year>2023</year>
                </publication_date>
                <journal_volume>
                  <volume>132</volume>
                </journal_volume>
                <issue>2</issue>
              </journal_issue>
              <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
                <titles>
                  <title>A Theory of Structured Propositions</title>
                </titles>
                <contributors>
                  <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
                    <given_name>Andrew</given_name>
                    <surname>Bacon</surname>
                    <affiliations>
                      <institution>
                        <institution_name>University of Southern California</institution_name>
                      </institution>
                    </affiliations>
                  </person_name>
                </contributors>
                <jats:abstract xmlns:jats="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1">
                  <jats:p>This paper argues that the theory of structured propositions is not undermined by the Russell-Myhill paradox. I develop a theory of structured propositions in which the Russell-Myhill paradox doesn’t arise: the theory does not involve ramification or compromises to the underlying logic, but rather rejects common assumptions, encoded in the notation of the λ-calculus, about what properties and relations can be built. I argue that the structuralist had independent reasons to reject these underlying assumptions. The theory is given both a diagrammatic representation and a logical representation in a novel language. In the latter half of the paper I turn to some technical questions concerning the treatment of quantification and demonstrate various equivalences between the diagrammatic and logical representations and a fragment of the λ-calculus.</jats:p>
                </jats:abstract>
                <publication_date media_type="print">
                  <month>04</month>
                  <day>1</day>
                  <year>2023</year>
                </publication_date>
                <publication_date media_type="online">
                  <month>04</month>
                  <day>1</day>
                  <year>2023</year>
                </publication_date>
                <pages>
                  <first_page>173</first_page>
                  <last_page>238</last_page>
                </pages>
                <doi_data>
                  <doi>10.1215/00318108-10294409</doi>
                  <resource>https://read.dukeupress.edu/the-philosophical-review/article/132/2/173/365412/A-Theory-of-Structured-Propositions</resource>
                  <collection property="crawler-based">
                    <item crawler="iParadigms">
                      <resource>https://read.dukeupress.edu/the-philosophical-review/article-pdf/132/2/173/1921789/173bacon.pdf</resource>
                    </item>
                  </collection>
                  <collection property="syndication">
                    <item>
                      <resource mime_type="application/pdf" content_version="vor">https://read.dukeupress.edu/the-philosophical-review/article-pdf/132/2/173/1921789/173bacon.pdf</resource>
                    </item>
                  </collection>
                </doi_data>
                <citation_list>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit001">
                    <volume_title>An Introduction to Mathematical Logic and Type Theory: To Truth through Proof</volume_title>
                    <author>Andrews</author>
                    <cYear>2002</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1007/978-94-015-9934-4</doi>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit002">
                    <journal_title>Journal of Philosophical Logic</journal_title>
                    <author>Bacon</author>
                    <volume>47</volume>
                    <issue>5</issue>
                    <first_page>733</first_page>
                    <cYear>2018</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1007/s10992-017-9447-9</doi>
                    <article_title>The Broadest Necessity</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit003">
                    <journal_title>Journal of Philosophical Logic</journal_title>
                    <author>Bacon</author>
                    <volume>48</volume>
                    <issue>6</issue>
                    <first_page>1017</first_page>
                    <cYear>2019</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1007/s10992-019-09505-z</doi>
                    <article_title>Substitution Structures</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit004">
                    <journal_title>Philosophical Review</journal_title>
                    <author>Bacon</author>
                    <volume>129</volume>
                    <issue>4</issue>
                    <first_page>537</first_page>
                    <cYear>2020</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1215/00318108-8540944</doi>
                    <article_title>Logical Combinatorialism</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit005">
                    <volume_title>A Philosophical Introduction to Higher-order Logics</volume_title>
                    <author>Bacon</author>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.4324/9781003039181</doi>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit006">
                    <journal_title>Canadian Journal of Philosophy</journal_title>
                    <author>Bacon</author>
                    <issue>4–5</issue>
                    <first_page>46</first_page>
                    <cYear>2016</cYear>
                    <article_title>Higher-Order Free Logic and the Prior-Kaplan Paradox</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit007">
                    <journal_title>Philosophy and Phenomenological Research</journal_title>
                    <author>Bacon</author>
                    <volume>99</volume>
                    <issue>1</issue>
                    <first_page>81</first_page>
                    <cYear>2019</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1111/phpr.12454</doi>
                    <article_title>The Logic of Opacity</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit008">
                    <journal_title>Philosophical Studies</journal_title>
                    <author>Bader</author>
                    <volume>178</volume>
                    <issue>4</issue>
                    <first_page>1121</first_page>
                    <cYear>2021</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1007/s11098-020-01486-z</doi>
                    <article_title>The Fundamental and the Brute</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit009">
                    <journal_title>Journal of Philosophy</journal_title>
                    <author>Crimmins</author>
                    <volume>86</volume>
                    <issue>12</issue>
                    <first_page>685</first_page>
                    <cYear>1989</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.2307/2027014</doi>
                    <article_title>The Prince and the Phone Booth: Reporting Puzzling Beliefs</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit010">
                    <journal_title>American Journal of Mathematics</journal_title>
                    <author>Curry</author>
                    <volume>52</volume>
                    <issue>3</issue>
                    <first_page>509</first_page>
                    <cYear>1930</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.2307/2370619</doi>
                    <article_title>Grundlagen der kombinatorischen Logik</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit011">
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1016/1385-7258(72)90034-0</doi>
                    <unstructured_citation>De Bruijn Nicolaas Govert . 1972. “Lambda Calculus Notation with Nameless Dummies, a Tool for Automatic Formula Manipulation, with Application to the Church-Rosser Theorem.” In Indagationes Mathematicae (Proceedings), vol. 75, 381–92. Amsterdam: North-Holland.</unstructured_citation>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit012">
                    <journal_title>Analysis</journal_title>
                    <author>Deutsch</author>
                    <volume>74</volume>
                    <issue>1</issue>
                    <first_page>26</first_page>
                    <cYear>2014</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1093/analys/ant089</doi>
                    <article_title>Resolution of Some Paradoxes of Propositions</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit013">
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1093/oso/9780198828198.003.0006</doi>
                    <unstructured_citation>Dixon T. Scott . 2018. “Plural Slot Theory.” In Oxford Studies in Metaphysics, vol. 11, edited by BennettKaren and ZimmermanDean, 193–223. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</unstructured_citation>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit014">
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1093/oso/9780199267729.003.0007</doi>
                    <unstructured_citation>Dorr Cian . 2004. “Non-Symmetric Relations.” In Oxford Studies in Metaphysics, vol. 1, edited by ZimmermanDean, 155–92. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</unstructured_citation>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit015">
                    <journal_title>The Monist</journal_title>
                    <author>Dorr</author>
                    <volume>97</volume>
                    <issue>4</issue>
                    <first_page>503</first_page>
                    <cYear>2014</cYear>
                    <article_title>Quantifier Variance and the Collapse Theorems</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit016">
                    <journal_title>Philosophical Perspectives</journal_title>
                    <author>Dorr</author>
                    <volume>30</volume>
                    <issue>1</issue>
                    <first_page>39</first_page>
                    <cYear>2016</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1111/phpe.12079</doi>
                    <article_title>To Be f Is to Be g</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit017">
                    <journal_title>Philosophical Review</journal_title>
                    <author>Fine</author>
                    <volume>109</volume>
                    <issue>1</issue>
                    <first_page>1</first_page>
                    <cYear>2000</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1215/00318108-109-1-1</doi>
                    <article_title>Neutral Relations</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit018">
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1017/CBO9781139149136.002</doi>
                    <unstructured_citation>Fine Kit . 2012. “A Guide to Ground.” In Metaphysical Grounding, edited by CorreiaFabrice and SchniederBenjamin, 37–80. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</unstructured_citation>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit019">
                    <volume_title>Philosophy and Phenomenological Research</volume_title>
                    <author>Fritz</author>
                    <cYear>2021</cYear>
                    <article_title>Ground and Grain</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit020">
                    <journal_title>Journal of Philosophical Logic</journal_title>
                    <author>Fritz</author>
                    <volume>50</volume>
                    <issue>6</issue>
                    <first_page>1249</first_page>
                    <cYear>2021</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1007/s10992-021-09598-5</doi>
                    <article_title>Closed Structure</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit021">
                    <journal_title>Analysis</journal_title>
                    <author>Goodman</author>
                    <volume>77</volume>
                    <issue>1</issue>
                    <first_page>43</first_page>
                    <cYear>2017</cYear>
                    <article_title>Reality Is Not Structured</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit022">
                    <journal_title>Noûs</journal_title>
                    <author>Goodman</author>
                    <volume>55</volume>
                    <issue>3</issue>
                    <first_page>623</first_page>
                    <cYear>2021</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1111/nous.12322</doi>
                    <article_title>Perspectivism</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit023">
                    <journal_title>Studia Logica</journal_title>
                    <author>Harris</author>
                    <issue>2–3</issue>
                    <first_page>41</first_page>
                    <cYear>1982</cYear>
                    <article_title>What’s So Logical about the ‘logical’ Axioms?</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit024">
                    <volume_title>Lambda-Calculus and Combinators, an Introduction</volume_title>
                    <author>Hindley</author>
                    <cYear>2008</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1017/CBO9780511809835</doi>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit025">
                    <journal_title>Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic</journal_title>
                    <author>Hodes</author>
                    <volume>56</volume>
                    <issue>2</issue>
                    <first_page>379</first_page>
                    <cYear>2015</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1215/00294527-2864352</doi>
                    <article_title>Why Ramify?</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit026">
                    <journal_title>Linguistics and Philosophy</journal_title>
                    <author>Jacobson</author>
                    <volume>22</volume>
                    <issue>2</issue>
                    <first_page>117</first_page>
                    <cYear>1999</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1023/A:1005464228727</doi>
                    <article_title>Towards a Variable-Free Semantics</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit027">
                    <unstructured_citation>Kaplan David . 1995. “A Problem in Possible Worlds Semantics.” In Modality, Morality and Belief: Essays in Honor of Ruth Barcan Marcus, edited by Sinnott-ArmstrongWalter, RaffmanDiana, and AsherNicholas, 41–52. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</unstructured_citation>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit028">
                    <journal_title>Journal of Philosophical Logic</journal_title>
                    <author>King</author>
                    <volume>25</volume>
                    <issue>5</issue>
                    <first_page>495</first_page>
                    <cYear>1996</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1007/BF00257383</doi>
                    <article_title>Structured Propositions and Sentence Structure</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit029">
                    <volume_title>The Nature and Structure of Content</volume_title>
                    <author>King</author>
                    <cYear>2007</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199226061.001.0001</doi>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit030">
                    <volume_title>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</volume_title>
                    <author>King</author>
                    <cYear>2008</cYear>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit031">
                    <unstructured_citation>Kripke Saul A. 1976. “Is There a Problem about Substitutional Quantification?” In Truth and Meaning, edited by EvansGareth and McDowellJohn, 324–419. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</unstructured_citation>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit032">
                    <journal_title>Journal of Philosophical Logic</journal_title>
                    <author>Leo</author>
                    <volume>37</volume>
                    <issue>4</issue>
                    <first_page>353</first_page>
                    <cYear>2008</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1007/s10992-007-9076-9</doi>
                    <article_title>Modeling Relations</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit033">
                    <journal_title>Review of Symbolic Logic</journal_title>
                    <author>Leo</author>
                    <volume>3</volume>
                    <issue>1</issue>
                    <first_page>145</first_page>
                    <cYear>2010</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1017/S1755020309990347</doi>
                    <article_title>Modeling Occurrences of Objects in Relations</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit034">
                    <volume_title>A Complete, Type-Free “Second-Order” Logic and Its Philosophical Foundations</volume_title>
                    <author>Menzel</author>
                    <cYear>1986</cYear>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit035">
                    <journal_title>Journal of Computer and System Sciences</journal_title>
                    <author>Milner</author>
                    <volume>17</volume>
                    <issue>3</issue>
                    <first_page>348</first_page>
                    <cYear>1978</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1016/0022-0000(78)90014-4</doi>
                    <article_title>A Theory of Type Polymorphism in Programming</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit036">
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1007/978-94-010-2506-5_10</doi>
                    <unstructured_citation>Montague Richard . 1973. “The Proper Treatment of Quantification in Ordinary English.” In Approaches to Natural Language, edited by SuppesPatrick, MoravcsikJulius, and HintikkaJaakko, 221–42. Dordrecht: Kluwer.</unstructured_citation>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit037">
                    <journal_title>Logique et Analyse</journal_title>
                    <author>Myhill</author>
                    <volume>1</volume>
                    <issue>1</issue>
                    <first_page>78</first_page>
                    <cYear>1958</cYear>
                    <article_title>Problems Arising in the Formalization of Intensional Logic</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit038">
                    <journal_title>Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic</journal_title>
                    <author>Prior</author>
                    <volume>2</volume>
                    <issue>1</issue>
                    <first_page>16</first_page>
                    <cYear>1961</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1305/ndjfl/1093956750</doi>
                    <article_title>On a Family of Paradoxes</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit039">
                    <volume_title>Objects of Thought</volume_title>
                    <author>Prior</author>
                    <cYear>1971</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198243540.001.0001</doi>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit040">
                    <volume_title>Propositional Attitudes: An Essay on Thoughts and How We Ascribe Them</volume_title>
                    <author>Richard</author>
                    <cYear>1990</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1017/CBO9780511625282</doi>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit041">
                    <volume_title>Principles of Mathematics</volume_title>
                    <author>Russell</author>
                    <cYear>1937</cYear>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit042">
                    <volume_title>The Philosophy of Logical Atomism</volume_title>
                    <author>Russell</author>
                    <cYear>1940</cYear>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit043">
                    <journal_title>Mathematische Annalen</journal_title>
                    <author>Schönfinkel</author>
                    <volume>92</volume>
                    <issue>3</issue>
                    <first_page>305</first_page>
                    <cYear>1924</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1007/BF01448013</doi>
                    <article_title>Über die Bausteine der mathematischen Logik</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit044">
                    <volume_title>Writing the Book of the World</volume_title>
                    <author>Sider</author>
                    <cYear>2011</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199697908.001.0001</doi>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit045">
                    <journal_title>Philosophical Perspectives</journal_title>
                    <author>Soames</author>
                    <volume>27</volume>
                    <issue>1</issue>
                    <first_page>479</first_page>
                    <cYear>2013</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1111/phpe.12030</doi>
                    <article_title>Cognitive Propositions</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit046">
                    <journal_title>Thought: A Journal of Philosophy</journal_title>
                    <author>Tucker</author>
                    <volume>7</volume>
                    <issue>3</issue>
                    <first_page>190</first_page>
                    <cYear>2018</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1002/tht3.383</doi>
                    <article_title>Paradoxes and Restricted Quantification: A Nonhierarchical Approach</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit047">
                    <journal_title>Review of Symbolic Logic</journal_title>
                    <author>Tucker</author>
                    <volume>4</volume>
                    <issue>3</issue>
                    <first_page>394</first_page>
                    <cYear>2011</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1017/S1755020311000128</doi>
                    <article_title>Paradoxes of Intensionality</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit048">
                    <journal_title>Review of Symbolic Logic</journal_title>
                    <author>Uzquiano</author>
                    <volume>8</volume>
                    <issue>2</issue>
                    <first_page>328</first_page>
                    <cYear>2015</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1017/S1755020315000106</doi>
                    <article_title>A Neglected Resolution of Russell’s Paradox of Propositions</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit049">
                    <journal_title>Philosophical Review</journal_title>
                    <author>Williamson</author>
                    <volume>94</volume>
                    <issue>2</issue>
                    <first_page>249</first_page>
                    <cYear>1985</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.2307/2185430</doi>
                    <article_title>Converse Relations</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit050">
                    <volume_title>Modal Logic as Metaphysics</volume_title>
                    <author>Williamson</author>
                    <cYear>2013</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199552078.001.0001</doi>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2023053020154412700_cit051">
                    <volume_title>Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus</volume_title>
                    <author>Wittgenstein</author>
                  </citation>
                </citation_list>
              </journal_article>
            </journal>
          </crossref>
        </doi_record>
      </query>
    </body>
  </query_result>
</crossref_result>